Question

10. Identify which argument is invalid.

Either the water is filtered or it contains lead.
The water is not filtered.
Therefore, it contains lead.


If the elephant roars, then it does not want company.
The elephant wants company.
Therefore, the elephant did not roar.


If I shower in the morning, then I do not smell bad.
I did not shower in the morning.
Therefore, I smell bad.


If the panda yawns, then she is not alert.
If the panda is not alert, then she will not smile for the camera.
Therefore, if the panda yawns, then she will not smile for the camera.

Answer 1

first one is good

Answer 2

Thank you so much!!!!

Answer 3

oh it says "invalid" not valid 3 more to go

Answer 4

second one is good also. it says
if P then ~Q
Q then ~ P
that is the contrapositive, so it is the same (i.e. valid)

Answer 5

third one is invalid

Answer 6

If i shower in the morning then i smell bad, does not imply anything about what happens if you do not shower.
maybe you smell like rosewater and glycerin anyway