When attempting to hybridize a target DNA strand in a PCR reaction with a cDNA probe. Gold and silver nanoparticles are often used to facilitate the hybridization process, apart from the large surface area in which the probes can bind to and the affinity of gold and silver nanoparticles towards nitrogenous compounds such as base pairs, what other properties of gold and silver nanoparticles facilitate the binding of these probes? and what kind of bonds are formed between the NP and the probe?

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