Question

how programmer languages are made?

Answer 1

Today new programming language are usually built on top of other existing programming language adding specific words for functions which took many line of codes in the previous language.

Anyhow, at the base, it's all numbers and each programming language needs to be 'translated' into 0 and 1 to be 'understood' by the computer (juste a complex calculator). This 'translation' is usually done by another programm that we call "compiler"