Question

what sparked the World War I and World War II?

Answer 1

"Sparked" is easier than "caused." The assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his wife in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 by a conspiracy of Bosnian Serbs, sparked the First World War. The conspirators wanted Bosnia to be split off from Austria-Hungary and join Serbia. Austria-Hungary suspected Serbia of complicity in the conspiracy, or at least of not taking seriously its responsibilities to prevent terrorism of this sort. Strong demands were made of Serbia. The Serbs rejected some of them and mobilized their army. After the rejection and some border incidents, Austria-Hungray declared war on Serbia. At that point the various treaty obligations came into play: Russia was obligated to Serbia by treaty and declared war on Austria-Hungary. Germany was obligated by treaty to Austria-Hungary and declared war on Russia. France and Great Britain were obligated to Russia and declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary. And so on.

The invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 by Germany touched off the Second World War. Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union had come to a secret agreement to divide Poland and the Baltic States, and on 1 September 1939 the Germans invaded Poland from the West, and on 17 September 1939 the Soviets invaded from the East. Poland was conquered and divided between the two, although the division was vacated in 1942 when Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Again, treaty obligations came into play: the French were obligated to Poland, and the British to the French, so both declared war on Germany, although neither took steps to actually invade Germany. The Germans finally invaded Belgium and the Netherlands on their way to France in May of 1940. France surrendered about 45 days later.

Answer 2

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