Question

A scientist modified the structure of a promoter region of a gene. What could be its effect on transcription and translation?

Answer 1

Promoters are generally speaking important for transcription of genes so randomly changing the structure would probably reduce transcription. However, transcription might be enhanced if a specific change was made so that the proteins binding the promoter bound more tightly. Here's a good place to start learning about promoters:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)