Question

how did the abbasid dynasty of the islamic golden age differ from the earlier omayyad dynasty

Answer 1

The Abbasids were a lot nicer to non-Arabs within their empire than the elitist Umayyads were. Under the Umayyads, there was quite a bit of institutionalized discrimination towards non-Arabs even if they converted to Islam. The Abbasids, on the other hand, were far more accepting of different peoples under their rule and was one of the reasons they were so successful in finding allies to overthrow the Umayyads as well as ushering in what would become known as the Golden Age of Islam.