Question

A psychologist who studies the basic elements of conscious mental experiences is a

Answer 1

I believe that would be a "structuralist."

Structuralism was invented with the intent of organizing the elements of the mind in the same way that Chemists organize elements into a periodic table.

The three elements that were outlined by Titchener (the founder of structuralism) were...

Sensations,
Images,
and Affections (emotions)

Answer 2

They follow a method called "Introspection." In which trained individuals are asked about their inner feelings. Later, this method was rejected due to certain disadvantages. It was proposed by E.B.Tichner.