Question

Look at the argument below. Which of the following symbolic statements shows the set-up used to find the validity of the argument?

If Mario studies hard, then he gets good grades.
Mario got good grades.
Therefore, Mario studied hard.

p: Mario studies hard.
q: Mario gets good grades.
[(p → q) ∧ ~q]
∴ p [(p → q) → q]
∴ p
[(p → q) ∧ q]
∴ q [(p → q) ∧ q]
∴ p