Question

what forms of energy are involved in catapulting a rock to a castle wall

Answer 1

I'd say you have potential energy and kinetic energy since you're throwing it through the air and it's falling on your target.

Answer 2

Kinetic of course, but what type of catapult is it? It could be elastic potential energy or spring potential energy

Answer 3

Gravitational potential as well

Answer 4

gravitational potential, kinetic
as while rock hits the wall, the magnitude of impact would depend on kinetic energy imparted by rock to the castle wall as well as potential energy