Survival in pediatric cancer cases. An oncologist treats 40 cases of kidney cancer. In the past, this disease had a five-year survival rate of 1 in 5 (20%). In the 40 patients the oncologist treats, 16 survive for at least five years. Test to see whether this treatment is associated with a significantly higher survival than in the past. (Let  = .01, two-sided.) List all hypothesis testing steps. Was survival improved significantly?

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