Question

to obtain bacteria that produce insulin, genetic engineers

Answer 1

insert a vector containing the human gene for insulin into bacteria

Answer 2

Yes, this vector is usually a plasmid (circular DNA). They cut the plasmids with restriction enzymes, put the insulin coding DNA in the cut plasmid, and paste them together with DNA ligase. The vector is inserted into bacterial cells, which is called genetic transformation. They usually use the heat shock method to do this.

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