Question

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What geological force caused anthropoids to split into two groups 45 million years ago?

Answer 1

Early to mid-Miocene Africa was a wetter climate than today (Coppens 1999). Equatorial tropical rainforests were massive and extended across unbroken lowlands from the Atlantic to the Indian oceans. Eight million years ago, tectonic forces began the formation of the east African rift valley. Mountains formed on the west side of the rift and created a rain shadow over east Africa by preventing the easterly flow of rain clouds. As well as this tectonic induced climate change, there was a simultaneous global cooling and drying trend (Potts 1998; Cane & Molnar 2001). East Africa became significantly drier. The common ancestors of modern chimpanzees and humans was split into two geographically separate populations by these geological events. The ape populations of the tropical rain forests of west Africa evolved into modern chimpanzee species. On the increasingly open and dry habitats of east and north central Africa the apes evolved into early ancestors of modern humans. Evolutionary adaptation to a changing climate followed by and adaptive radiation in east African hominins led to the emergence of modern humans.
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Answer 2

Yes! Thanks