what are the types of programming languages used to program microcontrollers like 8051.
Assembly and C language.
I'd say assembly. Assembly is the language in which all operating systems are programmed in. Its the very lowest level (right before C) before you get into binary.
There are a number of microcontroller IDEs that work with C or Assembly that I have seen. Never got into it much. But here is a free book on the 8051 so you can get a better idea of what you are getting into when you say microcontroller: http://www.mikroe.com/products/view/267/architecture-and-programming-of-8051-mcu-s/
Oh, and that site also sells an IDE that runs in BASIC. Never used it, so no clue on the quality, but it does show how wide the IDEs can reach.
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