Europeans used technological innovations derived by Arab inventors in navigation, weaponry, map-making, and communication. Mercantilist policies were promoted by Christian merchants and monarchies. Profits from commerce created powerful merchants, bankers, and textile manufacturers who spurred technological innovation in communication and navigation. Military supremacy was achieved over Muslims in Spain and Africa by 1492. Competition with Arab states for control of Asian trade increased European mercantilist policies and eventual expansion into the Western Hemisphere. Crusades and the expansi

Question