Each of the following was a cause of urbanization in medieval Europe except

feudal lords and knights provided increased security

an increase in trade as a result of the Crusades

the growth of the merchant class and guilds

growing threats from northern invaders

Question

Each of the following was a cause of urbanization in medieval Europe except 

 feudal lords and knights provided increased security 

 an increase in trade as a result of the Crusades 

 the growth of the merchant class and guilds 

 growing threats from northern invaders

anonymous · Answer

possibly, feudal lords and knights provided increased security