Question

What is an independent laboratory and why would its results be considered more reliable than the results from a laboratory paid by a company selling a particular product

Answer 1

Independent laboratories are not biased. There is also an interesting study, a psychological cognitive dissonance, if you may, were groups of people were paid money vs. groups of people who were not paid. When asked to rate the papers written by these paid and unpaid, the people who did not get paid had to drive an internal thrive and motivate themselves, and, in the end, got better results than those who got money.

It's an internal conflict. When you get paid little money or no money, you have to justify your actions and enjoy your work, in regards to those getting paid, to relieve your cognitive dissonance.