Question

For this assignment, you will write an essay describing the production of protein molecules through transcription and translation. Your essay should include discussions of the following:

DNA
mRNA
RNA polymerase
base pairing
transcription
translation
tRNA
rRNA
ribosomes
amino acids
protein
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Answer 1

DNA is the genetic material which codes for all proteins in our bodies. A triplet of bases (codons) code for a single amino acid and through translation, a string of amino acids are put together to form polypeptides (AKA protein).

Through transcription, DNA is converted into RNA using an enzyme known as RNA polymerase (think of transcription as DNA being transcribed, or into a new language, such as RNA). This creates mRNA, which can be "read" to produce your protein.

Translation is when an organelle known as a ribosome literally translates the RNA bases into amino acids (remember that DNA-RNA conversion, thymine is replaced by uracil). As the ribosome reads each codon, a specific tRNA molecule carrying the coded for amino acid enters the larger ribosomal subunit, deposits its amino acid, and leaves. As the ribosome slides across the mRNA reading the codons, multiple tRNA molecules enter and exit the ribosome in a sort of cyclic rhythm, depositing the amino acids until the amino acids form a chain.

Once the ribosome reaches a stop codon, the whole process stops and the polypeptide is released!