Question

James Madison hoped that the Tenth Amendment would allow him to use _____ as protection against the powers of the national government.

Answer 1

Tenth Amendment:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution

James Madison hoped that the Tenth Amendment would allow him to use _____ as protection against the powers of the national government.

From Wikipedia:
The Tenth Amendment (Amendment X) to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, 1791. The Tenth Amendment states the Constitution's principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the States, are reserved to the States or the people.

It sounds like James Madison hoped that the Tenth Amendment would allow him to use the states as protection against the powers of the national government.

Says it right here:
The Tenth Amendment states the Constitution's principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the States, are reserved to the States or the people.