Question

Which of the following Byzantine contributions formed the basis for much of medieval European law?

Separation of church and state

The Justinian Code

The Hagia Sophia

Polemon

Answer 1

Which Byzantine leader restored the use of icons in 843 CE?

Theodora

Justinian

Basil

Leo III

Answer 2

What was one result of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire?

Roads and other public structures fall into disrepair

Germanic tribes rebuild areas damaged by invasion

Trade grows and improves with the Byzantine Empire

Invaders establish new leadership and introduce Islamic law

Answer 3

Which of the following best describes the hajj for Muslims?

The name for the Muslim weekly holy day of public prayer

The title given to a spiritual leader in any sect of Muslims

A duty of Muslims to journey to the sacred city of Mecca

A method of food preparation in accordance with Muslim faith

Answer 4

Read the following excerpt from the Pact of Umar, which was an agreement between the Christians and the Islamic ruler, Umar. In this excerpt, the Christians explain how they intend to act and treat Muslims in their city. Use the excerpt to answer the following question:

When you came against us, we asked you for safe-conduct (aman) for ourselves, our descendants, our property, and the people of our community, and we undertook the following obligations toward you:
We shall not build, in our cities or in their neighborhood, new monasteries, Churches, convents, or monks' cells, nor shall we repair, by day or by night, such of them as fall in ruins or are situated in the quarters of the Muslims.
We shall keep our gates wide open for passersby and travelers. We shall give board and lodging to all Muslims who pass our way for three days.
We shall not seek to resemble the Muslims by imitating any of their garments, the qalansuwa, the turban, footwear, or the parting of the hair. We shall not speak as they do, nor shall we adopt their kunyas.
We shall not display our crosses or our books in the roads or markets of the Muslims.
We shall not manifest our religion publicly nor convert anyone to it. We shall not prevent any of our kin from entering Islam if they wish it.
We shall show respect toward the Muslims, and we shall rise from our seats when they wish to sit.
Public Domain

Which of the following would likely occur if these rules were followed?

Mosques would replace Christian churches in some areas.

Muslims and Christians would adopt similar dress and customs.

Christians would begin to obtain positions of leadership.

Muslims would begin to resent the greater rights of Christians.

Answer 5

The following is a passage from William Stearns Davis, ed., Readings in Ancient History: Illustrative Extracts from the Sources, 2 Vols.

“Baghdad was a veritable City of Palaces, not made of stucco and mortar, but of marble. The buildings were usually of several stories. The palaces and mansions were lavishly gilded and decorated, and hung with beautiful tapestry and hangings of brocade or silk. The rooms were lightly and tastefully furnished with luxurious divans, costly tables, unique Chinese vases and gold and silver ornaments.”
—Medieval Sourcebook. Paul Halsall, Fordham University, 1998.

The depiction of the city of Baghdad by the author highlights the Islamic empire’s

scientific developments

architectural majesty

trade accomplishments

evidence of slave labor





Question 20 (Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)

(01.02 MC)Which of the following is true about Christianity, Judaism, and Islam?

All three religions use the Bible to instruct members in the faith.

Followers of each religion discourage fasting as an act of worship.

Each religion has sects and denominations in different parts of the world.

Members of each religion make a trip to the Holy Land once in their lifetime.

Answer 6

Which group of Muslims were the first to establish an empire in India?

Mamluks

Mongols

Mughals

Maghrebs