Are these commas essential?

"Creatures in the seabed are suffering from growing food shortages, which may be a result of rising sea temperatures."

"Wherever there are animal droppings, there is a constant rain of organic matter that feeds the bottom dwellers."

"Microscopic plants, called phytoplankton, capture the sun and start the food cycle."

I am pretty sure the comma in the first one is essential, but I'm not sure about the second one. I don't think the third one needs commas.

Question

Are these commas essential?

"Creatures in the seabed are suffering from growing food shortages, which may be a result of rising sea temperatures."

"Wherever there are animal droppings, there is a constant rain of organic matter that feeds the bottom dwellers."

"Microscopic plants, called phytoplankton, capture the sun and start the food cycle."

I am pretty sure the comma in the first one is essential, but I'm not sure about the second one. I don't think the third one needs commas.

anonymous · Answer

@texaschic101

anonymous · Answer

The third one definitely needs the commas, or it wouldn't flow right

anonymous · Answer

In my opinion, the comma in all the sentences are needed

rvc · Answer

they r essential

anonymous · Answer

Thank you both! Hopefully I got them right!