Question

What general categories of functions are specified by computer instructions?

Answer 1

the basic function preformed by computer is execution of program. which consists of a set of instructions stored in memory, The processor does the actual work by executing instructions specified in the program. Instruction processing consists of 2 steps :

The processor read(fetches) instructions from memory one at a time and executes Each instruction.

Answer 2

The processor interprets the instruction and performs the required action. In general, these actions fall into four categories.

Processor-Memory
Data may be transferred from processor to memory or from memory to processor.

Processor-I/O
Data may be transferred to or from a peripheral device by transferring between the processor and an I/O module.

Data Processing
The processor may perform some arithmetic or logic operation on data.

Control
An instruction may specify that the sequence of execution be altered