Question

What kind of bond does these have:
1.tap water
2.distilled water
3.sugar
4.salt
5.salt in distilled water
6.sugar in distilled water

Answer 1

1. Tap water has a small concentration of H+ & OH- ions as well as water molecules, hence there would be permanent dipole-permanent dipole (p.d.-p.d.) forces of attraction between the water molecules (aka H-bonds) as well as ionic bonds between the H+ & OH- ions.
2. Distilled water does not have H+ & OH- ions, hence only H-bonds exist between the water molecules.
3. There are covalent bonds between the individual sugar molecules.
4. There are ionic bonds between the Na+ & Cl- ions in NaCl.
5. There are p.d.-p.d. forces of attraction between the Na+ ions and the O2- partial ions of the water molecules as well as between the Cl- ions and the H+ partial ions of the water molecules. There are also H-bonds between the individual water molecules and ionic bonds between the Na+ & Cl- ions (although these are in much lower abundance than in unsolvated solid NaCl).
6. There are i.d.-i.d. as well as p.d.-p.d. forces of attraction between the sugar molecules and the water molecules. There are also H-bonds between the individual water molecules and covalent bonds within the sugar molecules.

Answer 2

3. Between sugar molecules there exists also
Hydrogen bonds

Answer 3

@ Geboor: Yes, that's true. But as the electron cloud of the sugar molecule is highly delocalized, the attractive forces between the O and H atoms (of a different OH group) are extremely weak.

Answer 4

Sorry, that should read 'Geboors' (I forgot to type the 's' ...)