Question

How does the second law of thermodynamics relate to transformation of energy in a food chain?
a.
some energy is lost through the release of heat when energy is transferred between trophic levels
b.
some energy is gained when energy is transferred between the trophic levels as organisms consume each other
c.
some energy is lost through the release of heat between trophic levels but is absorbed by the system and is therefore a net gain
d.
the energy lost from one trophic level is gained by another tropic level