Question

what is impulse and momentum?

Answer 1

Pulse is theoretically defined as a sudden increase in magnitude of a quantity in respect to time, followed by a smaller increase. You can take the example of the reading of heart beat in those machines. Those crests are the pulses, then smaller crests follow by. The formula for pulse is Force*time.
Momentum is the product of mass and velocity. Is what guarantees the motion in an object.
Though you can correlate this 2 terms that you ask in a single formula of mv=ft.

Answer 2

Change in momentum equal impulse provides.