Question

write down three adaptations that help humans have differential survivability, and three adaptations that help humans have differential fecundity. Remember, you are comparing humans to other humans, not to other species.

Answer 1

http://anthro.palomar.edu/adapt/adapt_1.htm

In evolutionary biology, an adaptation is a trait has a functional role that has maintained and evolved by means of natural selection. Genetic variability in a population will lead to genetic change. For instance, in Africa there is a prevalence of sickle cell anemia in the population compared to other (human) populations in other geographic locations. This is because malaria is present in this region, and people with sickle cell anemia have an advantage over the disease compared to people born with "normal" blood cells. Another example are the high-altitude adaptations seen in human populations that live at extremely high altitudes, such as in Tibet, the Andes and Ethiopia. Adaptations include physiological changes in the respiratory and circulatory systems. If a human that is not used to or adapted to high-altitudes lived in such a place they would fall extremely ill. Another geographic adaptation includes populations in tropical climates. It was necessary to adapt to the heat and cool off through efficient sweating in this climate. An adaption of salt retention lead to increased arterial tone and cardiac contraction force when blood volume was depleted by water loss. These individuals are better adapted and have a higher survival rate in tropical climates compared to other populations.

Fecundity is the reproductive rate of an organism or population. It is similar to fertility. In population ecology, fecundity can increase or decrease in a population according to conditions. For instance, when there is an extreme lack of food, fecundity decreases in a population. In another example, fecundity has been shown to increase in warmer weather. When there is high stress in the population, fecundity generally decreases.



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Answer 2

1. White skin in high latitudes for more vitamen D production
2. Lactose tolerance in adults allows use of dairy products

Answer 3

. Lactose tolerance in adulthood. Lets an adult drink cow milk without getting gassy or feeling sick. Cow milk has all sorts of good stuff in it and probably drinking it can help a woman support a pregnancy.

2. Sickle cell anemia allele. The heterozygotes don't die of malaria or sickle cell anemia. This is a "heterozygote advantage" in parts of the world where mosquitoes carry malaria.

3. Straight black hair. Sexual selection decoration (historical). People in parts of Asia who had blond or white hair could never get married -- they were discriminated against.