Lichens and mosses, followed by grasses and shrubs, slowly take root on a newly formed volcanic island. Eventually the grasses and shrubs are replaced by pine trees, which remain as a stable community. What is the role of pine trees in the island ecosystem?

Question

anonymous · Answer

climax community

pioneer community

intermediate community

dominantvampire · Answer

Eventually the grasses and shrubs are replaced by pine trees, which remain as a stable community followed by grasses and shrubs, slowly take root on a newly formed volcanic island. ... replaced by pine trees, which remain as a stable community.