Question

To graph y = -cosx, _____.
shift y = cosx left 1 on the x-axis

shift y = cosx up 1 on the y-axis

reflect y = cosx over the x-axis

reflect y = cosx over the y-axis

Answer 1

Note that even when you deal with trig functions it's the same as dealing with any other function, so the negative sign in the front means it's a vertical reflection.

Answer 2

now lets reflect this function and we get

Answer 3

I think your answer should be clear now.