Question

A hospital gives a survey to all surgical patients asking them to rate the quality of their hospital experience. One month after surgery, the hospital contacts the patients again to ask if there were any complications from the surgery. Last year, the results of the surveys showed that of the patients who had a poor hospital experience, 23% had post-surgical complications. What conclusion can be drawn from this study?

Answer 1

Some patients who have a poor hospital experience also have post-surgical complications.
Post-surgical complications cause poor hospital experiences.
Most patients who have a poor hospital experience also have post-surgical complications.
Poor hospital experiences cause post-surgical complications.