Question

***Genetics- The Basics***
I’ve seen a lot of people in OS asking for help on genetics, and this has prompted me to give a tutorial on it. Genetics is one of the most complicated or difficult topic for a lot of people, but once a person is thorough with its basics, it is just a walk on the park..:p . In this Tutorial, I’ll provide the basics of Genetics, which, I think, will help a lot of users. I will divide the Tutorial into 3 sessions. Later on, I’ll solve some problem on it so that The Term ‘Genetics’ will not give you any more fears. Thanks!

Answer 1

\(\color{red}{\Huge\text{SESSION 1}}\)

Answer 2

I will make it into points for your easy understanding..:)

Answer 3

Let’s first go with some commonly used terms in Genetics

Answer 4

\(\color{blue}{\Huge\text{So what is Genetics?}}\)
• Genetics is the Study of inheritance, heredity and variation of characters or in simpler words, the Study of genes and chromosomes.

Answer 5

\(\color{red}{\Huge\text{Inheritance}}\)
• Inheritance is the transmission of characters from parents to progeny.

Answer 6

\(\color{orange}{\Huge\text{Variation}}\)
• It is the Difference in characteristics between parents and offspring.

Answer 7

\(\color{yellow}{\Huge\text{Alleles}}\)
• They are the alternative forms of a gene. For E.g. T (tall) and t (dwarf) are two alleles of a gene responsible for the character height.

Answer 8

Two Allelic Conditions i.e. \(\color{green}{\Huge\text{Homozygous and Heterozygous}}\)
The condition in which chromosome carries similar alleles for a character is called homozygous condition. Ex TT or tt represents homozygous tall or short
The condition in which chromosome carries dissimilar alleles for a character is called heterozygous condition. Ex Tt for heterozygous tall (Why tall and not short?) You will understand it in the subsequent section!)

Answer 9

\(\color{blue}{\Huge\text{Mendel Experiments and Laws}}\)
• Gregor Johann Mendel was born in 1822 in Heinzendorf, which was a part of Czechoslovakia. He began his genetic experiments on garden pea in 1856 in the garden at the monastery.
• He studied only one character at a time.
• He used all available techniques to avoid cross pollination by undesirable pollen grains.
• He applied mathematics and statistics to analyze the results obtained by him.
• I suggest you to refer to this link for more information on his experiments
• His Monohybrid ( Single Character) cross will be drawn by me over here..

Answer 10

http://www.indiana.edu/~p1013447/dictionary/mendel.htm

Answer 11

If you have gone throug the link, here's Mendel's Monohybrid cross: