Question

What is the role of a pioneer species in primary succession?
to destroy parasites
to create shade
to provide fruit
to create the soil

Answer 1

In primary succession pioneer species like lichen, algae and fungi as well as other abiotic factors like wind and water start to "normalize" the habitat. Primary succession begins on rock formations, such as volcanoes or mountains, or in a place with no organisms or soil.

Answer 2

so a, b, c, or d

Answer 3

The stuff that comes before the soil is by definition the stuff that becomes the soil, so D

Answer 4

The stuff that comes before the soil is by definition the stuff that becomes the soil, so D

Answer 5

d