Question

What effect will the following factors have on a liquid chromatographic separation? (a) column not clamped in a perfectly vertical position; (b) very slow flow rate of the mobile phase; (c) collection of large elution fractions.

Answer 1

so for a), because the flow is caused by gravity alone, the tilt on the column will cause the sample to unevenly interact with the stationary phase, the largest effect will be on the longitudinal diffusion and bad separation overall.