Question

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Answer 1

"|d| 5<= 0.01" ... ? Mind putting that into words? Unclear, at least to me.

I believe something is missing from your inequality, "|d| 5<= 0.01" What is the relationship, if any, between |d| and 5?

Answer 2

So much clearer. thanks for the clarification. In this inequality, 'd' is the diameter and 5 (meaning 5 inches) is the nominal or desired piston diameter. The way your expression, "|d-5|<= 0.01," is written, this specification is that the actual diameter must not vary more than 0.01 inch from 5 inches in either direction; that is, d must not be smaller than 5-0.01 inches, nor larger than 5+0.01 inches.

Answer 3

I'd say, "nominal 5 inch diameter with a tolerance of plus or minus 0.01 inch."
You're welcome!