Question

So, Is there any information about the effect of electromagnetic waves on the air molecules they travel through?

Answer 1

I think that there's quite a lot of such info. Under researchers such as Lord Rayleigh and Rayleigh scattering, and what seems to be the general "theory" of EM scattering, that attributed to someone called MIE
Can get messy, though, into spherical polar coordinates and spherical harmonics. As a matter of fact, there's a bloke called RJ Martin who submitted a paper on MIE scattering whilst he was at Cranfield University, UK. I'm still wading through said paper.

Answer 2

Thanks for that response I will look into the Rayleigh scattering. best.