Question

AP Psychology Review - Basis

Answer 1

[Baby Section - 10 Terms]

Empiricism - the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment.

~Central concepts culminating from John Locke (1632 - 1704) and Francis Bacon (1561-1626) which led to the creation of modern empiricism.

Psychology - defined as the science of behavior and mental processes

~In the 1960s, psychology gained an interest in how our minds process and retain information.

Structuralism - an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.

~Introduced first by Edward Bradford Titchener in 1892.

Functionalism - a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

~Philosopher-psychologist William James was a functionalist, as well as being a pragmatist which encouraged the exploration of down-to-earth emotions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment-to-moment streams of consciousness.

*Nature-nurture issue - the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

~Ancient Greeks debated this. Plato assumed that character and intelligence are largely inherited (nature, parents) and also that certain ideas are also inborn. Aristotle argued against this, saying that there is nothing that there is nothing in the mind that does not first come in through the sense

Natural selection - the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

~Darwin Award :^)

Basic research - pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

~Biological psychologist exploring the links between the brain and mind
~Developmental psychologists studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb
~Congitive psychologists experimenting with how we perceive, think and solve problems
~Personality psychologists investigating our persistent traits
~Social psychologists exploring how we view and affect one another

Applied research - scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

~The aforementioned psychologists in conjunction with industrial/organizational psychologists (study and advise on behavior in the workplace)

Clinical psychology - a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Psychiatry - a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.

*Some clinical psychologists are lobbying for the right to prescribe mental health-related drugs. In 2002 the state of New Mexico granted that right to specially trained and licensed psychologists. Note distinction of clinical vs psychiatric.

Answer 2

@snowflake0531
sorry to refer to this myself later o-O