Question

MCAT Tutorial: Monosaccharide Reactions

Answer 1

\({\bf{Glycoside~Reaction:}}\)

- sugar + alcohol and hydrochloric acid
- the hemiacetal OH is replaced with the alcohol
- two anomeric acetals (alpha and beta) that do not mutarotate
- acetals further decompose into cyclic hemiacetals + alcohol

Answer 2

\({\bf{Esterification~Reaction:}}\) sugar + acetic anhydride and basic solvent; conversion of two hydroxyl groups into acetyl groups

Answer 3

\({\bf{Oxidation:}}\) reactions between ketone and aldehyde groups in the open chain form

ex. addition of Br2 and water to D-glucose, oxidation of the CHO group to a COOH group (acid)

Answer 4

Anyway, that's the end of my tutorial, I hope it was a helpful resource. Source material is the 2nd Edition Barron's Prep book for the new MCAT