Question

What is the difference between the terms “not guilty” and “innocent?”

It cannot be proved that an individual is “innocent.” Juries say “not guilty” because guilt was not proved in the case.
The terms have no significant difference in meaning. Juries and judges use them the same way in a court of law.
“Not guilty” is a verdict used in criminal cases only. However, an “innocent” verdict can only be used in civil cases.
A jury will say “innocent” instead of “not guilty” if the person seems to have had no part in the case before the court.