Question

Anatomy Exam 2 Muscle List: (OINA)

Answer 1

this is the list that my professor gave us to memorize >_> kill me

Know O,I,N,A of these muscles
1- Orbicularis oris
2- Orbicularis oculi
3- Frontalis
4- Masseter
5- Temporalis
6- Sternocleidomastoid
7- Diaphragm
8- Rectus abdominis
9- Serratus anterior
10- Trapezius
11- Deltoid
12- Rotator cuff
SITS muscles, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
13- Teres major
14- Rhomboid major
15- Biceps brachii (short and long head)
16- Triceps brachii, long head
17- Pectoralis major
18- Latissimus dorsi
19- Gluteus maximus
20- Gluteus medius
21- Sartorius
22- Biceps femoris (long head)
23- Rectus femoris
24- Gastrocnemius
25- Anterior tibialis

Know the actions only of these muscles

26- Buccinator
27- Risorius
28- Platysma
29- Depressor labii inferioris
30- Inferior rectus (eye)
31- Superior rectus (eye)
32- Medial rectus (eye)
33- Lateral rectus (eye)
34- Superior oblique (eye)
35- Inferior oblique (eye)
36- Sternothyroid
37- Erector spinae group
38- External intercostals
39- Inernal intercostals
40- Scalene group (anterior, middle, posterior)
41- External Ice Cream sphincter
42- Levator scapulae
43- Pectoralis minor
44- Brachioradialis
45- Pronator teres
46- Supinator
47- Flexor carpi radialis
48- Extensor carpi radialis
49- Abductor pollicis longus
50- Extensor digitorum
51- Extensor indicis
52- Flexor digitorum superficialis
53- Opponens pollicis
54- Tensor fasciae latae
55- Piriformis
56- Adductor longus
57- Gracilis
58- Iliacus
59- Psoas major
60- Semimembranosus
61- Semitendinosus
62- Vastus lateralis/medialis
63- Fibularis longus/brevis
64- Flexor halluces longus
65- Extensor digitorum longus
66- Muscles of thenar eminence (abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis)
67- Muscle that externally rotate hip (Piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris, obturator externus)

Answer 2

for the first 25 items, will be doing 5 at a time to make fewer posts
these can be hard to memorize but try to think about the action first if you're getting stuck on the origin and insertions. diagrams can be very helpful for visualizing where things attach

\({\bf{orbicularis~oris:}}\)
O: maxilla and mandible
I: lips
N: facial nerve VII (a large portion of the facial nerves will be VII so try to remember this)
A: compresses/purses the lips

\({\bf{orbicularis~oculi:}}\)
O: medial margin of the orbit (orbit is the formal way to say eye socket)
I: skin around the eyelid
N: facial nerve VII (same as above)
A: closes the eye

\({\bf{frontalis:}}\) note: some textbooks don't consider the frontalis to be its own muscle, rather, it is the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis
O: epicranial aponeurosis
I: skin of eyebrow/bridge of nose
N: facial nerve VII (same as above)
A: raises eyebrow/wrinkles forehead

\({\bf{masseter:}}\)
O: aponeurosis and bones of the zygomatic arch
I: lateral surface and angle of the mandibular ramus
N: trigeminal nerve (V)
A: elevates mandible, retracts, protracts, moves side 2 side

\({\bf{temporalis:}}\)
O: temporal lines of skull
I: coronoid process of mandible and anterior border of mandibular ramus
N: same as masster (trigeminal nerve V)
A: everything the masseter does except protraction

Answer 3

\({\bf{sternocleidomasticoid:}}\)
O: 2 heads, 1 originates on sternal end of clavicle and the other on the manubrium
I: mastoid region of skull + superior nuchal line
N: accessory nerve XI and cervical spinal nerves C2-C3
A: working together they flex neck; alone each will bend the neck towards the shoulder and turn the face to the opposite side

\({\bf{diaphragm:}}\)
O: xyphoid process
I: central aponeurotic tendon
N: C2, C4, C5 phrenic nerve
A: compresses/expands during inhalation/exhalation

\({\bf{rectus~abdominis:}}\)
O: superior surface of the pubis and symphysis
I: inferior surface of the cartilages + xyphoid process
N: intercostal nerves T7-T12
A: depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen

\({\bf{serratus~anterior:}}\)
O: anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8 (or 1-9 or 1-10 depending on person)
I: anterior surface of vertebral border of scapulae
N: C5 to C7 (long thoracic nerve)
A: protracts shoulder, rotates scapulae to move glenoid cavity superiorly

\({\bf{trapezius:}}\)
O: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
I: clavicle and scapula
N: accessory nerve XI
A: various ations including elevation/retraction/depression/rotation of scapula. can also extend neck

Answer 4

\({\bf{deltoid:}}\)
O: clavicle and scpula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine)
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N: whole muscle abducts the shoulder. anterior part = flexion and medial rotation of humerus. posterior = extension and lateral rotation of humerus
A: axillary nerve (C5-C6)

the SITS muscles (rotator cuff)
\({\bf{supraspinatus:}}\)
O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
N: C5 suprascapular nerve
A: abduction at shoulder

\({\bf{infraspinatus:}}\)
O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
N: suprascapular nerve C5-C6
A: lateral rotation

\({\bf{teres~minor:}}\)
O:lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
N: axillary nerve C5
A: lateral rotation + abduction of shoulder

\({\bf{subscapularis:}}\)
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
N: subscapular nerve C5-C6
A: medial rotation at shoulder

note: the teres major is not one of the rotator cuff muscles but will be putting it here for convenience

\({\bf{teres~major:}}\)
O: inferior angle of the scapula
I: medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
N: lower subscapular nerve C5-C6
A: medial rotation and extension of shoulder

Answer 5

\({\bf{rhomboid~major:}}\)
O: ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of vertebrae T2-T5
I: vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
N: dorsal scapular nerve C5
A: adduction and downward rotation of the scapula

\({\bf{biceps~brachii:}}\) short and long head
O: short head: coracoid process; long head: supraglenoid tubercle
I: radial tuberosity
N: musculocutaneous nerve C5-C6
A: flexion of elbow and shoulder. supination of forearm and hand. lateral rotation of radius at radioulnar joints

\({\bf{triceps~brachii:}}\) long head only
O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: olecranon of ulna
N: radial nerve C6-C8
A: extension at elbow. extension and adduction at shoulder

\({\bf{pectoralis~major:}}\)
O: cartilages of ribs 2-6. body of sternum. inferior/medial clavicle.
I: crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
N: medial and lateral pectoral nerves C5-T1
A: flexion, adduction, medial rotation at shoulder

\({\bf{latissimus~dorsi:}}\)
O: spinous process of inferior thoracic + lumbar + sacral vertebrae. ribs 8-12. thoracolumbar fascia
I: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
N: thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8
A: extension adduction and medial rotation of shoulder

Answer 6

\({\bf{gluteus~maximus:}}\)
O: iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, lateral surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, thoracolumbar fascia
I: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
N: inferior gluteal nerve L5-S2
A: extension and lateral rotation of the hip. stabilizes knee. abducts hips.

\({\bf{gluteus~medius:}}\)
O: anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanger of femur
N: superior gluteal nerve L4-S1
A: abduction and medial rotation at hip

\({\bf{sartorius:}}\)
O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity
N: femoral nerve L2-L3
A: flexion at knee, abduction, flexion, lateral rotation at hip

\({\bf{Biceps~femoris~(long head):}}\)
O: ishial tuberosity
I: head of tibula, lateral condyle of tibia
N: sciatic nerve, tibial portion (S1-S3), common fibular branch (L5-S2)
A: flexion at knee, extension and lateral rotation at hip
\(\color{#0cbb34}{\text{End of Quote}}\)

Answer 7

last three:

rectus femoris:
O: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium
I: tibial tuberosity via quadricepts, tendon patella, patellar ligaments
N: femoral nerve L2-L4
A: extension at knee, flexion at hip

gastrocnemius:
O: femoral condyles
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
N: tibial nerve S1-S2
A: plantar flexion at ankle, flexion at knee

anterior tibialis (tibialis anterior
O: lateral condyle and proximal shaft of the tibia
I: base of the first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform
N: deep fibular nerve L6-S1
A: dorsiflexion at ankle, inversion of foot