Question

Anatomy Mini-Tutorial: The Pharynx and the Deglutition Process

Answer 1

\({\bf{The~Pharynx:}}\)
> entrance shared by respiratory sys. and respiratory tract
> three divisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

\({\bf{Pharyngeal~Muscle~Groups:}}\)
> pharyngeal constrictors: move bolus to esophagus
> palatopharyngeus+stylopharyngeus: raise larynx
> palatal muscles: raise soft palate + pharyngeal wall

Answer 2

\({\bf{Deglutition~Phases:}}\) note: deglutition = swallowing; didn't put swallowing as the title 'cause people on this hellsite are hella immature

1. bucal phase:
- bolus is pressed against hard palate
- tongue pushes back, pushes bolus into pharynx
- palatal muscles lift soft palate
- voluntary
2. pharyngeal phase: bolus contacts the palatal arches/posterior pharyngeal wall
-lifting of the larynx
- epiglottis folds
- pharyngeal constrictor moves bolus into esophagus
- breathing stops momentarily
- involuntary
3. esophageal phase: upper esophageal spinchter opens
- perisalsis pushes bolus through esophagus
- lower esophageal sphincter opens
- bolus enters stomach
- also involuntary

Answer 3

Adapted from Human Anatomy, Martini, et. al. 9th edition