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French Tutorial: Prepositions of Place and Time, Travelling

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\({\bf{Location~Prepositions:}}\) helpful tip: try to memorize these in opposite-pairs à côté de: besides ex: Je vis à côté de l'école (I live besides the school) à gauche de/à droite de: to the right of/to the left of L'hôtel est à gauche de la boulangerie (The hotel is to the left of the bakery) L'hôtel est à droite de la boulangerie. (The hotel is to the right of the bakery) entre: between La voiture est garée entre deux camions. (The car is parked between two trucks.) à l'est de/à l'ouest de: to the east of/to the west of La France est à l'est de l'Espagne. (France is east of Spain.) L'Alabama est à l'ouest de la Géorgie (Alabama is west of Georgia.) similarly, au nord de = to the north of, and au sud de = to the south of par by means of/through Je le ferai par tous les moyens nécessaires. (I will do it by any means necessary) dans/hors de: inside/outside of Le chien est dans la cage. (The dog is inside the cage.) L'oiseau est hors de la fenêtre. (The bird is outside the window.) derrière/devant: behind/in front of L'épicerie est derrière le salon de coiffure. (The grocery store is behind the hair salon.) J'attends devant la statue. (I am waiting in front of the statue.) sous/sur: under/on Tu as laissé tomber ton stylo sous la table. (You dropped your pen under the table.) Le chat est sur la table. (The cat is on the table.)

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\({\bf{Time/Sequential~Prepositions:}}\) be careful about when you can use each preposition. prepositions with similar meanings may not be interchangable, grammatically. après (noun): Je te verrai après le dîner. (I will see you after dinner.) avant de (infinitive): before Nous parlerons avec le professeur avant de passer l'examen. (We will speak with the professor before taking the exam.) dans (time) in (used when a certain action will take place in some amount of time) Vous connaîtrez les résultats dans une semaine. (You will know the results in a week.) depuis (time): since we actually covered this in an earlier tutorial but I'll go over it again Ils vivent ici depuis dix ans. (They have lived here for ten years.) Je joue du piano depuis que j'ai six ans. (I have played the piano since I was six.) jusqu'à (some point in time): until La fête dure jusqu'à minuit. (The party lasts until midnight) pendant (some time period): during/for Je veux nager pendant mes vacances. (I want to swim during my vacation) pour: for (note: you should only use this for future plans) J'ai l'intention de travailler ici pendant au moins un an. (I intend to work here for at least one year.)

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\({\bf{Travelling:}}\) this is somewhat arbitrary but you use different prepositions depending on what vehicle/mode of transportation you are using in general... - if you *enter* a vehicle, use en examples: en voiture, en camion, en avion J'ai voyagé en france en avion. (I travelled to France by plane.) - if you *ride/get on top of* a vehicle, use à examples: à vélo, à scooter, à motocyclette Je suis monté à cheval à la ferme. (I rode to the farm on horseback.) - if you want to say "by foot" use à pied J'ai porté ma petite soeur à pied. (I carried my little sister on foot.)

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\({\bf{References:}}\) Rochester, Myrna B. Easy French Step-by-Step, United States, McGraw-Hill Education, 2009, 118-121. CollinsDictionary for French and English translations Forvo (https://forvo.com/), a French pronunciation database with samples from native French speakers

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