Question

Can anyone explain transcription/translation?

Answer 1

Not sure how to make a brief summary on the subject, but here goes.

Transcription = DNA to an single stranged helix (mRNA). This occures in the nucleus and is catalysed by RNA polymeras (in cooperation with other proteins (enzymes))

Translationen occures in the cytoplasma, in the free ribosomer in the cytoplasma or in Rough Endoplastmatic retikulum (Ribosomes on the surface.). Translationen is exactally what it sounds like, a translation from the mRNA to aminoacids on the protein.

Answer 2

Transcription is the creation of a strand of mRNA which codes for proteins on a ribosome during Translation. The mRNA is transcribed from a DNA strand. Before exiting the nucleus it is modified slightly by the addition of a Poly-A tail and a 5' cap. Introns are also removed. Translation begins when the mRNA reaches a ribosome. The start codon will begin protein synthesis. Each codon will be met with an anticodon that adds an amino acid to the protein. Peptide bonds are formed and this process continues till a stop codon is reached. Then the protein is released.

Answer 3

Translation is the process through which proteins are synthesized. It uses ribosomes, messenger RNA which is composed of codons and transfer RNA which has a triplet of bases called the anticodon. The first stage of translation is the binding of messenger RNA to the small subunit of the ribosome. The transfer RNA’s have a specific amino acid attached to them which corresponds to their anticodons. A transfer RNA molecule will bind to the ribosome however it’s anticodon must match the codon on the messenger RNA. This is done through complementary base pairing. These two form a hydrogen bond together. Another transfer RNA molecule then bonds. Two transfer RNA molecules can bind at once. Then the two amino acids on the two transfer RNA molecules form a peptide bond. The first transfer RNA then detaches from the ribosome and the second one takes it’s place.The ribosome moves along the messenger RNA to the next codon so that another transfer RNA can bind. Again, a peptide bond is formed between the amino acids and this process continues. This forms a polypeptide chain and is the basis of protein synthesis.