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Use the half angle formula to determine the exact values of the sine, cosine, and tangent of the angle: pi/8
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cos 2x = cos² x - sin² x = cos² x - (1 - cos² x) = 2 cos² x - 1 <=> cos [ 2 (pi/8) ] = 2 cos² [ pi/8 ] - 1 cos [ pi/4 ] = 2 cos² [ pi/8 ] - 1 cos² [ pi/8 ] = [ 1 + cos [ pi/4 ] ] / 2 cos² [ pi/8 ] = [ 1 + (sqr (2)/2) ] / 2 cos² [ pi/8 ] = [ 2 + sqr (2) ] / 4 As pi/8 belongs to [ 0 ; pi/2 ], its cosine is positive <=> cos [ pi/8 ] = sqr [ [ 2 + sqr (2) ] / 4 ] cos [ pi/8 ] = sqr [ 2 + sqr (2) ] / 2 <=== answer ******* Verification : sqr [ 2 + sqr (2) ] / 2 = 0.9238795... arccos 0.9238795 = 0.392699... radians = 3.1415926535897... / 8 = pi/8 ===> OK.
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