Question

.

Answer 1

Fascism, in Germany or elsewhere, is a political philosophy that sets the nation above individual rights, has a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.

Answer 2

if it wasn't 100% why would i send it to you?

Answer 3

sorry didnt mean to sound mean...
this may help you more -> The rise of fascism in Italy and Germany threatened the collective security on which peace in Europe had been built after 1919. The Library has a collection of pamphlets in English and German which give contemporary evidence of the Nazi regime in Germany, both its domestic and foreign policies. Speeches of Hitler on foreign policy, reprinted from Mein Kampf were published by the Friends of Europe, held at (D(43)/27), M(PAMPHLETS 257). In German there are publications from the Deutsche Hochschule fuer Politik, for example-"Wir sind im Recht!: Deutschland's Kampf im Wehrfreiheit und Gleichberechtigung", 1935, (D(43)/12), M(PAMPHLETS 257) The Union of Democratic Control published "Germany tells the world: an account of four years of Nazi foreign policy, March 1933-March 1937", (D(43)/64) ,M(PAMPHLETS 258).

The threat of Germany to security in Europe was also documented in, for instance-"Hitler means war: main objective U.S.S.R." by G. Hicks, published by the Anglo-Russian Parliamentary Committee, 1936, (D(43)/29),M(PAMPHLETS 257), "German and Czech: a threat to European peace" by S. Duff, published by the Fabian Research Bureau in 1937, (D(43)/85) , M(PAMPHLETS 259) and "The full facts of the Czech crisis" published by the Labour Party in 1938, (D(43)/101), M(PAMPHLETS 259). The position of the German minority in the Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia is documented in publications such as "The German problem in Czechoslovakia" by J. Chmelar, 1936 (JC/139), and "Rede an die Deutsche in der CSR" by E. Benes, the Czechoslovak President, 1935, (JC/338).

The treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany attracted attention from Jewish organisations such as World Jewish Congress, Board of Deputies of British Jews and the American Jewish Committee as well as the churches, political parties and organisations such as the Relief Committee for the Victims of Fascism. For instance, C.G. Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury, wrote "The voice of Britain on the Nazi treatment of the Jews", (D(43)/30), M(PAMPHLETS 257). Other titles include- "What Buchenwald really meant", by Victor Gollanz, (D(4)/924), M(PAMPHLETS 242), "The death factory near Lublin", by K.M. Simonov,(D(4)/853), M(PAMPHLETS 240), "Cracow under enemy enemy rule", (D(4)/1010), M(PAMPHLETS 243) and "German atrocities in Poland and Czechoslovakia: Labour's protest", by A. Dobbs, (D(4)/664), M(PAMPHLETS 236).

Germany's foreign policy in the 1930s had implications for the German colonies. A.F. von Ortzen wrote "Nationalsozialismus und Kolonialfrage" in 1935, (JV/15), and G. Hecht "Kolonialfrage und Rassengedanke ; Schriftreihe des aussenpolitischen Amtes der NSDAP", 1939, (CHAT F8/6). The Empire Economic Union published "The British colonial Empire and the German claim", 1937, (JV/59).

Collective security was also threatened by Italian foreign policy in Ethiopia (then called Abyssinia). There are pamphlets both in English and Italian, including;- "Italy and Ethiopia: collective action for security demanded" by S.J. Hoare, 1935, (D(45)/5), M(PAMPHLETS 276) and "L'Italia fascista e l'Abyssinia" by S. Ciccarelli, 1935, (D(45)/15), M(PAMPHLETS 276). There were pamphlets issued by the British Italian Council for Peace and Friendship, the Abyssinia Association , the Istituto Coloniale Fascista and the Istituto Nazionale Fascista di Cultura", which also published "Mussolini et il problema Adriatico" in 1929, (D(45)/13), M(PAMPHLETS 276).

The Library holds a collection of material on the Spanish Civil War and its international implications. Organisations publishing material include;-the National Council of Labour, Comite Mondial contre la Guerre et le Fascisme, Committee of Enquiry into Breaches of International Law Relating to Intervention in Spain, the Spanish Medical Aid Committee, Friends of Democracy and Independence in Spain and Friends of the Soviet Union. David Lloyd George wrote "Spain and Britain" in 1937, (D(46)/64), M(PAMPHLETS 278) and the Union of Democratic Control published "How the German fleet shelled Almeria" in 1938, (D(46)/40), M (PAMPHLETS 272). Also in 1938 J.Q. Tilson addressed the Lawyers' Conference to Lift the Embargo,(D46)/66), M(PAMPHLETS 278) and speeches from a National Emergency Conference on Spain are held at (D(46)/B12).The Independent Labour Party published "Terror in Spain: how the Communist International has destroyed working class unity, undermined the fight against Franco and suppressed the social revolution", written by J. McGovern in 1937, (D(46)/D9).

Answer 4

Fascism was the governing ideology of Germany and Italy. It was fascist thinking that led both countries to believe that they were right to start the war and that they could win it. A central tenet of Fascism was that they were superior to all other peoples. This sense of innate superiority made it impossible for the German and Italian leaders to accept, or even imagine, that they could lose the war. Thus they kept on fighting long after there was even the slightest hope of even a conditional surrender permitting the survival of their governments. They fought to the very end instead of seeking a negotiated peace much earlier on. This resulted in terrible destruction and devastation of their countries.