Find integral of the following:
Hmm I think you posted this one the other day. Still having a bit of trouble with it? We want to apply the FTC, Part 1. `Fundamental Theorem of Calculus`\[\color{brown}{\huge \frac{d}{dx}\int\limits_a^x f(t)dt=f(x)}\]
Want to see a simple example first? Because this one is really tough to get through if you don't understand the concept.
Yeah, the trig messes me up. That would be wonderful.
The idea is, we're taking an `integral` then we're undoing that integration by `differentiating`. The thing that happens in between those steps is - The `argument` inside of our function changes due to what is located in our limits of integration. So we should end up with what we started with, but it will be a function of a new variable now due to the boundaries.
\[\large \frac{d}{dx}\int\limits_1^x t^3 \; dt \qquad = \qquad \frac{d}{dx}\left[\frac{1}{4}t^4|_1^x\right]\] Evaluating at the limits gives us,\[\large \frac{d}{dx}\left[\frac{1}{4}x^4-\frac{1}{4}1^4\right]\]Taking the derivative gives us,\[\large \left[x^3-0\right]\]See how we ended up with the same thing we started with? Except now it has an X as the variable instead of t.
Yeah, haha, wow. So you'll end up with the original problem huh?
Here's what is going to happen in our problem though... Let's pretend we had `more than just x` in the upper limit of integration. Let's say we had this instead,\[\huge \frac{d}{dx}\int\limits\limits_1^{\color{orangered}{x^2}} t^3 \; dt\] We'll have to do a little something extra, because the chain rule will come into play.
We'll end up with this,\[\large \frac{d}{dx}\left[\frac{1}{4}(x^2)^4-\frac{1}{4}(1)^4\right]\] Taking the derivative will give us,\[\large (x^2)^3(x^2)'\]See how we have to apply the chain rule to the inside?
Yeah I see it. Never thought about using the CR.
Our answer is going to look really really really ugly. But if you understand the concept, then it's not too bad.
\[\huge \frac{d}{dx}\int\limits\limits_{\sqrt3}^{\color{orangered}{x^2+\tan x^2}}\frac{7\pi \sqrt{t^4+t^2+1}}{\cos^2t+69}dt\]Woops lemme add alil color.
Yeah, I'm sure I can follow. Nothing is better than some guidance. thanks
In place of all the `t`'s, we'll put the orange stuff. And then we'll apply the chain rule.
\[\frac{7\pi \sqrt{\color{orangered}{(x^2+\tan x^2)}^4+\color{orangered}{(x^2+\tan x^2)}^2+1}}{\cos^2\color{orangered}{(x^2+\tan x^2)}+69}\left(\color{orangered}{x^2+\tan x^2}\right)'\]
Scary huh? D':
Lol, very.
Then chain rule it?
Then we just take the derivative of the prime term and we're done! I'm sure there is some simplification that could be done in there, but it's probably unnecessary.
There is one more `form` in which this problem shows up in that you'll want to be aware of.
Wait, the derivative of the prime term? What do you mean by that? What would be the other form?
\[\huge \frac{d}{dx}\int\limits_x^3 \frac{1}{3}t^3\; dt\]See how the `lower` limit of integration has the variable term in it? When we integrate, you'll see that we're actually `subtracting` the lower limit. So a negative will pop into our answer. Another way to remember it maybe is just to do this little trick.\[\large \int\limits_x^3 f(t)dt \quad = \quad -\int\limits_3^x f(t)dt\]
Oh sorry let's get back to the problem :)
In the big messy problem I pasted, I did the `setup` for the chain rule, I didn't actually take the derivative just yet. The prime on the outside of the brackets is to show that we still need to differentiate that part. It's the same as if there was a d\dx in front of it.
Ahh okay, I see. My professor always called it factoring it out. But that's just him...
Ah weird XD
Understand how to take the derivative of that last little part? :D
Umm
lol such a bum XD Do you remember the derivative of tangent? :D
Ooops sorry I thought you meant something else. It'll be sec^2.
sec^2(x).
\[\large \left(x^2+\tan x^2\right)'\] Yah sounds good, so we should get something like...\[\large \left(2x+2xsec^2x^2\right)\]Right?
Yeah take out the two and put it infront, right?
2(x+tan(x)+sec^2(x))
lol, did we forget the square on the x?
Why do you have a tangent in there...? :o
I simplified the trigfunction?
Or was it necessary?
I just don't understand what you did. Your derivative looks quite different than mine :O
Wait hold on, wouldn't we have to chain rule \[(\tan ^{2}(x))?\]
Was the upper boundary suppose to be this?\[\large x^2+\tan^2 x\]Because you have this on your homework sheet,\[\large x^2+\tan x^2\]
LOLOL oh shiz. you're right. My bad... you're right.
Which one is it suppose to be? XD hah
Mistook the square. :/
The second one
\[x ^{2}+tanx ^{2}\]
k cool c: Then check out my derivative that I posted above, I think that one is correct. tangent gave us secant sqared, then the x^2 chained to give us 2x.
Yeah, you're correct. Once that is done we do it to the rest?
rest of what? XD
Remember, we should end up with what we started with but with a small `chain rule` attached to it at the end. We only needed to take the derivative of that last little part.
Hah, so that's it? We would just leave it at that?
\[\frac{7\pi \sqrt{\color{orangered}{(x^2+\tan x^2)}^4+\color{orangered}{(x^2+\tan x^2)}^2+1}}{\cos^2\color{orangered}{(x^2+\tan x^2)}+69}\left(\color{orangered}{2x+2x\sec^2 x^2}\right)\] Yep! That's our solution!
Not at all what I expected, not at all... Got me by surprise. Do you think we could simplify? Or do you recommend leaving it at that?
Yah definitely leave it that way. Under the square root, we have a 4th power, we really really really don't want to expand that out. It's way more trouble than it's worth. And in the bottom, we're taking a trig function of a trig function. We can't simplify that any more I'm afraid.
LOL, you're the expert here. I'll take your word. Thank you so much for taking the time to help me. :)
np c:
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