Question

what are the differences between pi bonds and pi orbitals, sigma bonds and sigma orbitals?

Answer 1

There's an extended definition of what sigma and pi bonding is, but the basics is: sigma-bonding is single bonds, and pi-bonding is double bonds. To further extend this, when you have 1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond. For triple bond you have triple bond, you have 1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds.

In order to make any bond these orbitals need to overlap, like making the "balloons" touch each other. In a sigma bond the orbitals point straight at each other so that they form a straight line. In a pi bond the top orbitals touch each other and the bottom orbitals touch each other so that the two bonds look in an oval shape, or an eye shape with one atom at each of the two corners.