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close notes i don't know how to do these

Answer 1

Module 4 Cloze Notes
4.01 First In Our Hearts
™ George Washington was a _____________. He had fought with the British in the French and Indian War. Commander of the ____________Army during the ___________ Revolution, during which time he offered to serve in the Continental Army___________ pay. Washington was brave and never asked his ______________to do something he would not do. Many Americans thought that Washington would crown himself __________after defeating the British at the Battle of Yorktown, however, Washington believed the country needed a _______________ government and not a King.
™ In May 1787, delegates from all 13 states gathered in Philadelphia to discuss the Articles of Confederation at the ___________________________. Virginia sent Washington to the Constitutional Convention as a ____________________. They elected him ______________ of the Constitutional Convention. Washington went on to become the country’s first President after the states ratified the Constitution.
™ As the first President of the United States, President Washington set several______________ or examples for future Presidents to follow. President Washington was careful to make sure the office of the president would conduct itself with appropriate _______________ and __________________. He avoided any actions that hinted of royalty. Additional precedents established by President Washington include the creation of a ______________ (a group of advisors), __________ term limitation, and the giving of an ___________ and _________speech.
™ George Washington was a Federalist and believed in a strong ________________government. President Washington recognized that the world was a dangerous place and he worked hard to reestablish a relationship with __________. Washington strongly supported the _______________. This 1794 treaty helped begin a valuable ______________relationship between the two countries. Although Washington sought a relationship with Britain, he was careful to avoid getting involved when _______ broke out between Britain and France. The United States remained ___________.
™ George Washington is perceived by many to have been an __________President. He saw _____________ as a way to serve the nation and not as a way to profit or better his personal position. He felt that the government should serve the _____________instead of the people serving the government like it had been under Britain.
4.02 A Worthy Successor

™ French pirates begin attacking American ships after US ___________ to repay loans. The US sends ______________ to ______________. They are asked for a _____________ before meeting with the French Foreign Minister. This became known as the _____________. President Adams works to avoid war, but he _____________ the size of the Army and Navy. The US and France fight a ________ or unofficial war from 1791-1780 before signing a peace treaty.

™ The Alien & Sedition Act: limited freedom of _______and the rights of non-U.S. ___________. Congress passed these laws to prevent criticism of the ___________ during times of crisis (unofficial war with France). Jefferson saw this as an attack on _______________ rights.
™ The Election of 1800: _________________ challenged John Adams and won. Foreign powers predicted the United States would crumble trying to transfer the presidency to a new political party. The ____________ transition of Thomas Jefferson to the White House proved the U.S. Constitution could survive great challenges.
™ ______________ is respecting a variety of opinions, ___________, and religious beliefs. Adams _____________ accepted his re-election defeat.
™ Individual Rights: Individual rights include protection of _____________, _________________, and ____________. Adams built US Naval ships to protect American ___________.
™ Patriotism: Patriotism is ____________ to one’s country. Adams protected the new nation form war with ____________.
™ ___________ means something is beneficial to the __________ group, not just one person. Adams increased the US military for defense.
™ Truth: Truth is an obligation to seek _____________ in oneself and others. Adams engages in debate with ________________ over many years of letters.
™ Justice: Justice is ________ treatment through law. Though Adams signed the Alien and Sedition Acts, he never actively ___________ them.
™ _______________ is arguing a point based on fact and respecting others’ ____________. Adams used _____________ to end the Quasi-War.
4.03 American Voices
™ Between 1763 and 1815, most of the population was made up of indentured servants, slaves, women, children, and the working class. Most _____________ between 1763 and 1815 lived in ___________, where the demand for skilled labor was much______________. Policies were written mainly by ________, ____________ landowners. The other groups of people did not have any power and most did not have ___________ rights.
™ Children. Few attended schools;_________ limited to upper class; some were separated from parents for _____________; helped on family farm; could not ___________; had few, if any, rights
™ Women. No ____________ right to home or children (limited if any rights); only those with family and __________ likely able to maintain home after loss of __________________; choice of husband considered most _____________event in life; could not vote; few could __________ or _____________
™ Working Class. Work and ____________ determined by the boss; though most were __________and skilled in a craft, no_______________ rights since they did not own land; usually lived in cities, especially near _______________ ports; could not vote; few could read or write; had few, if any, rights
™ Indentured Servants. _____________ replaced this system; worked for free to pay off ________________across ocean; set time period of ________________; could not vote; few could read or write; had few, if any, rights
™ Slaves. Rise of _________________ as main crop lessened likelihood of freedom; lived in fear, even if able to gain______________ (How can you prove you’re free?); most could not _____________ lifelong servitude; families often divided because they were more valuable ____________ as individuals than as a ______________; could not vote; few could read or write; no rights
™ Florida Time Line
™ 1763–1783: British territory
™ Florida struggled during this period as the British could not ___________people to the territory.
™ 1783: Treaty of Paris
™ The British gave Florida back to the _______________ after the American Revolution.
™ _____________Florida struggled during this period as more Americans settled in _____________than Spaniards.
™ 1817–1818: First Seminole War
™ Population of _____________ Florida included ______________ slaves and ________________who fought against the Americans in the War of 1812.
™ The United States invaded Florida in 1818 to gain ____________and find ________________.
™ The _______________ (the term means “runaway”) fought back as the U.S. took their land and enslaved their people. Native Americans in Florida had been struggling to hold onto their land since 1763.
4.04 Jefferson Brings Change

™ The Supreme Court Rules, Washington, D.C.. In the final days of his presidency, _______________ approved a law for 16 new federal _____________. Thomas Jefferson and ______________ repealed this Judiciary Act of 1801 when he took office. Secretary of State _______________ did not deliver the appointment notices to the judges. William Marbury, one of the new ____________, fought back against losing his new job. He argued that, by __________, Madison must deliver his notice and that Jefferson must allow him to take his position. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Marbury had the right to his______________ but that the court could not force Jefferson or Congress to give it to him. The Supreme Court ruled the Judiciary Act of 1801 ________________. This was the first time the Supreme Court declared that a law passed by Congress____________________ the U.S. Constitution. Marbury v. Madison established the concept of judicial review.

™ Shipwrecked Pieces of Eight, Gulf of Mexico
™ In 1784, almost 20 years before Jefferson became president, the ______________ sank in the Gulf of Mexico. The ship, loaded with Spanish ____________ and treasure, was sent to New Orleans to help Spain’s poor and ________________ there. Spain was never able to revive its territory that stretched from the________________ River to the Rocky Mountains. Giving up, Spain ceded the _______________Territory to France in 1800. The wreck helped make it possible for the United States to purchase Louisiana Territory in 1803. The U.S. ______________ design was based on the Spanish _______________, also known as a “piece of eight” and famous in pirate myth. The shipwreck was not found until 1993.
™ Rebellion in Haiti
™ __________________________ valued Louisiana Territory, especially New Orleans, only as long as _________________controlled Haiti. The French called Haiti "Saint-Domingue" and the Spanish called it "Santo Domingo." ______________was fighting French rule. There were ______________slaves for every one French plantation owner in Haiti. They united in a violent struggle for independence. ____________________ was a former slave who became a leader as the rebellion grew. The Haitians ________________him. The French _____________ L'Ouverture to come to a meeting where he was ________________and taken to prison. He suffered and died there. However, Bonaparte was busy fighting the_______________ and could not send enough troops or supplies to stop the whole rebellion. Frustrated, he was ready to give up on Haiti by early 1803. Haiti was the first nation to win________________ through a slave revolt.
™ The United States Doubles, area of Louisiana Purchase
™ When ____________ ceded the Louisiana Territory to France, the French cut off U.S. access to ______________. President Jefferson hoped to purchase New Orleans from_____________. The first offers were refused. However, in 1803, Bonaparte was preparing to attack Britain and failing to control Haiti. He no longer saw _____________in the Louisiana Territory. When Jefferson sent _________________ to make a new offer, Bonaparte was ready to sell all of the Louisiana Territory for a mere __________________. The deal ____________ the size of the United States. Some Americans thought the buy was __________________. The U.S. Constitution does not specify that the nation may _________________land. However, Jefferson defended the deal through _______________ saying it gave him authority, with Senate approval, to make treaties with other nations.
™ Real Pirates, Barbary Coast, North Africa
™ The Barbary pirates ruled the waters of the _______________ Sea for centuries, attacking European ships and coastal cities. When U.S. ships began to ______________ in the area, the pirates attacked them, too. They captured American _______________. President Jefferson sent the U.S. Navy and Marines to fight the pirates and_____________ American shipping. The United States _____________the Barbary pirates. The First Barbary war did not ___________ the balance of power between the United States and foreign nations, however it did ______________ a greater U.S. involvement in international affairs.
™ Embargo, northern Atlantic waters
™ Pirates were not the only U.S. shipping problem. With____________ and Great Britain at war with each other, U.S. ships and goods were sometimes_____________. U.S. sailors were _______________and forced to serve in the British Navy. ____________enraged Americans. In 1807, President Jefferson authorized the ___________ Act. ____________with foreign countries ended. Jefferson wished to___________ France and Great Britain to accept the United States as neutral in their ___________ and allow the trade. Though the embargo had little impact on those nations, it _____________the U.S. economy. Americans were unable to sell their goods or purchase needed foreign products.
™ Burr Dishonored, near Weehawken, N.J.
™ Aaron Burr was the vice president during ____________ first term. A person’s ___________ was important to men in Burr’s time. When he believed ______________ challenged his honor, Burr responded by challenging Hamilton to a ________. Duels, though ___________, were a way for men to reclaim honor. Hamilton died because of that duel, and Burr fled. A few years later, a ____________spread that he was trying to set up his own kingdom in the West. The United States charged him with ___________, but there was little evidence to support the charge. The Supreme Court acquitted Burr, but his _____________career was ruined.
4.05 Heroes of the Wild
™ Many historians believe that President Thomas Jefferson’s greatest _____________was the Louisiana Purchase. He made plans for an ____________to explore the land even before the purchase. Making friendly contact with ____________ and finding a ____________ to the ___________were important goals to Jefferson. In the spring of 1804, he sent _______________ more than 30 other men to learn everything they could about this land.
™ Meriwether Lewis spent __________studying the notes of others who had seen portions of the _______________. He convinced his friend ______________ to join the group. Clark had _____________experience and a keen eye for geography. He was also an accomplished _______________. Clark recruited many soldiers for the expedition. ____________________ was the group's name.
™ Their mission from President Jefferson was to: map a new route to the _____________ Ocean; collect ______________for study; meet and give __________ to the Native Americans; take _______________ on activity during the journey
™ The Lewis and Clark expedition gave Americans plenty of _____________ about lands to the west. Their journey continues to ______________Americans today. Some enjoy ________________ the journey by camping along spots on the trail.
™ ______________is the work of creating maps._________________ made many maps of the territory the Corps explored. There was no satellite imagery available to Clark—only his ______________________________________. His maps amaze us today with their _______________and detail, considering he relied so much on his ___________________to determine how the area looked from the sky.
4.06 We Will No Fall
™ Causes of the War of 1812
™ ____________________ did not respect the United States. The British often kidnapped or ________________U.S. sailors for service in the British navy. The British seized American ship cargo and prevented fishing near _____________________. The British still had ______________posted in the __________________ reaches of the United States. These soldiers _________________ Native Americans to attack American settlers. ____________________was a Shawnee chief friendly to the British. He _________________ Native American tribes to fight the spread of U.S. settlement. Tecumseh considered the United States an ____________________.
™ The War of 1812 _____________ the United States. The people in the ___________ and ____________ did not want war. They depended on trade with Great Britain despite the problems. They worried that the British military was far more _____________ and the United States was not ready for war. The _____________ and _____________ favored war with Britain. The pressure to go to war came mainly from a group of Congressmen known as the _______________. The ___________ called for war because they believed that British ____________ with American ships hurt the economy and the reputation of the United States. The War Hawks were mainly from the___________ frontier and the south. The War Hawks saw war as a way to stop British _______________, but to also _____________ territory (Canada).
™ Major Events Form the War of 1812
™ Summer 1812, British blockade: Great Britain posted_____________ along the U.S. coast, cutting off ____________.
™ August 1812, Detroit fails: The United States’ first strategy was to _____________Canada, with terrible consequences. Early battles, like at _______________, were failures. The British took many U.S. soldiers as prisoners.
™ September 10, 1813, Battle of Lake Erie: Under Commodore ________________, the United States won its first battle in Lake _____________. The British left the area, including Fort Detroit.
™ October 5, 1813, Battle of the Thames: Under General William Henry Harrison, the United States won a battle at Canada’s ____________River. ______________died in his second armed conflict against Harrison. His death marked the _________ of united Native American ______________in the Northern United States.
™ Summer 1814, Niagara campaign: In spring 1814, the British defeated _____________ in Europe and were ___________ to focus on the war with the United States. The British____________was to attack three main areas—____________________________________. U.S. soldiers fought back successfully at ____________________stopping British forces there and at Lake Champlain.
™ August 24, 1814, Washington, D.C. burns: The British sailed into ____________ Bay and met untrained U.S. soldiers guarding Washington, D.C. The _______________ and the _______________ were set on fire. President Madison and his wife, Dolley, fled the burning mansion, __________ several national treasures. The British then continued north toward Baltimore.
™ September 13, 1814, Fort McHenry resists: _____________ guarded _____________, and the British began shelling the fort from two miles offshore. American cannonballs fell into the bay but 1,000 Americans were able to hold the fort. Despite an _____________ of more than 1,500 cannonballs, American soldiers raised the U.S. flag over Fort McHenry early on September 14. From the _______________where the British held him during the battle, ______________ spotted the flag that inspired his now-famous _____________.
™ January 8, 1815, New Orleans attack: General ____________ led an army that included ____________________________________to New Orleans. There he fought the battle that made him a national hero. U.S. forces stopped the British from reaching their goal. However, this battle had no effect on the war’s _________________. Peace talks had begun between the United States and Great Britain _______________before.
™ Out Come of the War of 1812
™ By the end of ___________, Great Britain’s leaders did not feel the war was worth the cost. The United States and Great Britain signed the ______________, which only returned the nations to _________________conditions. The treaty addressed ____________ of the issues that caused the war. However, the nations did agree to have further talks.