Question

In microtubule transport, how do kinesin and dynesin get back from the distal and proximal sides?

Answer 1

I assume you are asking because these molecular motors tend to move in only one direction. Kinesin and dynein can actually be released from the microtubules that they crawl along. They are not always attached to a given microtubule. Thus they might be transported to different areas without relying on their own movements. It is also important to note that microtubles are dynamic structures which are constantly formed and broken down and thus a given microtuble might or might not have molecular motors on it at any given time. Also of note, there are multiple types of dyneins and kinesins. Some forms of dynein are able to move opposite of the typical dynein direction.