If an extraterrestrial astronomer were to look at our solar system, would it be possible for him to discover Jupiter by the Doppler technique?
Given that planets much smaller than Jupiter have been found around solar like stars, possibly depending on the resolution of their instrument. However the extraterrestial astronomer will also have to deal with effect of Saturn and possibly Uranus and Neptune. Doppler technique otherwise known as radial velocity measurements is based on the graviational pull of a planet on its parent star. The planet provides a small jult to the star causing it to most slightly off its current position. We have detected Jupiter like planets at around 5.0 Au, so it is only reasonable to assume that any extraterrestrial astronomer would be able to detect Jupiter as well. http://exoplanet.eu/catalog-RV.php?mdAff=diag#tc
Also, please keep in mind that it depends greatly on the distance whether or not the astronomer will be able to see the effects of Jupiter on our sun. Assuming he is within a reasonable distance, I have not done the calculation, he would be able to.
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