Question

what is an enzymes and substrate??

Answer 1

Enzymes are catalysts that speed up processes in the cells. All processes happen in some small amount without catalysts present, with speeds depending on their energetic favourability, ie whether it takes energy or frees energy, but most of the processes in the cells require energy and would not at all happen at the rates required without enzymes. Therefore, enzymes are substances that interact with a substrate (ie. a protein that needs to be phosphorylated) without being consumed in the process and thus being part of the molecule that is produced in the process.

Answer 2

Enzymes are proteins that lower the active energy needed for a reaction to take place, thus increasing the reaction time.

Substrates are what the enzymes bind to.

Common example:
Hydrogen Peroxide = substrate
Catalase = enzyme

catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide to make water and oxygen.