Here's a more neurology based question. Does the human brain keep track of time subconsciously?
e.g. Rather frequently, I remember that I have food cooking in the microwave and then it goes off. I also wake up every morning on time without an alarm clock, even if I have to get up an hour early. Also, rather recently I've started remembering a lot of other things just before they happen (pizza delivery arriving, someone was going to call, etc). Obviously it's nothing supernatural, but I feel like it happens far to frequently to be mere coincidence (A good 3:5 times, easily.).
it does. there are processes ongoing in the hypothalamus (if I am not mistaken), which give you a sense of 24-hour cycles. even while shut out from any light, your body will feel fatigued after 24 hours plus minus a few minutes per cycle. the cycle will only work correctly if you live regularly. having inconstant waking and sleeping times can jumble up the mechanism, thus rendering you less productive through-out your day. remembering things, like derovh said, is a process not involved in this, if I recall it right. sometimes, your brain will suggest you a deja-vu, even if your "first time" was only merely similar. but back to time: interestingly, your conciousness has a 500 ms "lag" to reality. although you think you are living in the present, actually, there's half a second before objective present and yours.
the hypothalamus cycle will be adjusted every day, by things such as dusk and dawn.
circadian rhythm effects your sleep/wake cycle. but essentially time is just a product of neuronal processes biochemical reaction rates.
The hypothalamus responds to light through the feedback of melatonin production.
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