Question

explain process of column chrom,atopgraphy in short

Answer 1

You use column chromotography to separate out different compounds. A column generally has cotton/wool at the tip, then a layer of sand, then a layer of silica gel. Your sample that you want to purify is then loaded on top of the silica gel. A solvent is then added (the solvent is chosen based on what you're separating out - polarity is a huge factor here). Air is then applied to push the sample through the layer of silica gel and you basically fill up lots of test tubes with what exits out the columns (they are called "fractions").

Polar compounds will exit from the column last (since they want to stick to the silica more) and less polar/nonpolar compounds will exit first.